Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana. Oettinger (1966)
컴퓨터가 자연적인 언어(natural language)를 처리하도록 하는 데에 있어서의 어려움에 대한 초기의 연구에서, Anthony Oettinger는 우리가 예상되는 구조(expected structure)에 기반하여 어떻게 문장을 번역하는지, 그리고 우리가 번역하며 오류를 범했을 때,
Politeness principle,
Like Cooperative principle
Lakoff suggests,
Don’t impose
Give options
Make your receiver feel good
No immediate practical purpose
may be taken or left as the receiver wishes
There is no burden!
But,
literary texts
take up a great deal of time
⇒ burdensome!
Both keep and break the maxim,
‘Don’t impose
Lexical units are central
- lexical phrases, sentence stems, prefabricated routines, and collocations
■ Focus on conversation
- speaking and trying to communicate is basic for SLA in TBI
▣ Theory of learning
■ Tasks provide both the input and output processing
■ Task activity are motivational
■ Language difficulty fine-tuned for particular pedagog
Ⅰ. 독일어(독어)의 통제이론
통제이론은 Chomsky(1981)의 지배결속이론과 Bresnan(1982,1995)의 어휘기능문법을 중심으로 발달되어왔다.
1. 지배결속이론 Government and Binding Theory(GB)
통제이론은 지배결속이론에서 연구가 많이 안 된 분야이다. 통제이론에서는 PRO가 어떤 조건에 지배를 받는지 또는 PRO와 공지표
traits and behaviors
Some people are successful in some situations and not in others.
Limitations of the Theory
1. LPC measure is
ambiguous and inaccurate.
2. It is hard to say there are only two kinds of leadership styles in the world
3. There is no enough explanation about the people who have middle score of LPC.
4. The leadership style of one leader can be changed.