Utterance)에 우리가 말하는 문장구조를 모두 나타낼 수는 없으며 이를 나타내기 위해서는 발화 배후의 구조와 이 구조를 만들어낸 규칙에 의해서 연역(Deduction)하는 방법을 취한다. 우리는 영어를 특정시기의 언어현상을 따로 분리하여 이를 체계적이고도 기술적인 방법으로 관찰하는 공시적인 방법과 언
발전되어 왔다. 그는 화용론 (speech act theory)에서, 문장을 진술문과 수행문으로 구분하여, 언이 어떻게 행을 수반하는가, 진술문이 어떻게 수행문에 의해 진위를 보증 받는가를 설명하려 했다.
-진술적 발화(constative utterance): 어떤 사태의 상태, 진위를 기술.
‘이다, 있다’, ‘George promised to come.'
Arcade
by
David S. Goyer
Last revised November 6, 1990
INT. ARCADE WORLD -- ELECTRONIC DARKNESS
We dont know if its night or day. Its just black.
And maybe...maybe intermittent SPARKS racing by. So quick we barely
perceive them. Like the sparks you imagine when your eyes are closed.
BREATHING,
slow and hollow, filling up the entire world. Its eerie as hell. A
feeling of utter loneliness.
And now
Affirmative.
Up here!
-Theyre right behind you!
-Come on!
lve got you!
-You okay?
-Yeah.
All right, everybody, here they come.
You okay?
Youre gonna be all right.
So, why shouldnt l arrest you?
l am Dr. Aki Ross.
l have clearance to be here.
-Not without authorization.
-l dont have time for this.
Do you realize you risked our lives?
The fact of the matter is...
-...it was worth your mens lives.
-
utterances. Ants are able to understand one another by exchanging special chemical compound, pheromone. Bees are more marvelous;
When a worker bee finds a source of nectar, she returns to the hive and performs a dance. It has been shown that certain features of the dance transmit to the other workers information about the location of the source of nectar: one feature specifies the directio